Optimization of CNC Dry Milling Parameters for MSS 410 and MSS 420 Using Taguchi Method: A Comparative Study on Machining Temperature

Abstract

The experimental study focuses on the optimization of CNC dry milling parameters for AISI 410 stainless steel and AISI 420 stainless steel with respect to machining temperature using the Taguchi Method. An L9 orthogonal array was adopted with three levels of cutting parameters: spindle speed (1000–2000 rpm), depth of cut (0.3–0.9 mm) and constant Feed rate 60mm/min to systematically evaluate their influence under dry milling conditions. Taguchi response analysis based on mean values indicates that depth of cut is the most influential parameter affecting temperature (Rank 1), followed by spindle speed (Rank 2) and feed rate (Rank 3) for both materials. The results show a consistent increase in temperature with increasing levels of cutting parameters, with depth of cut contributing most significantly due to enhanced material removal rate and frictional heat generation at the tool–workpiece interface. A comparative evaluation reveals that both MSS 410 and MSS 420 exhibit similar thermal behavior trends; however, MSS 420 records slightly higher temperature values under identical machining conditions. This is attributed to its higher hardness, which results in increased cutting resistance and greater heat generation during machining. The optimal machining condition for minimizing temperature is identified as a spindle speed of 1000 rpm, depth of cut of 0.3 mm and feed rate of 60 mm/min, and for both materials. The close agreement between predicted and experimental results validates the effectiveness of the Taguchi approach in optimizing machining parameters.