Impact of Urbanization on Groundwater Level in Kanpur City, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Rural-urban migration is a major cause of water stress in cities. People move to cities in search of better opportunities, but this puts a strain on the already limited water resources. Climate change and urbanization are also contributing to the problem. Variations in the rate of urbanization are directly correlated with changes in groundwater levels. Urbanization is often accompanied by an increase in impervious surfaces, which can alter long-term water availability. Urban land predominates in this region. This study aims to determine the depletion of groundwater for the years 1995 and 2020 due to Land use and Land cover (LULC). Results of the study highlighted that urban growth expanded at an average rate of 2.97 km²/year and depletion of groundwater in the study area was at 0.67 meters below ground level per year (mgbl/year). This study provides a general overview of the groundwater level change that may have an impact on the accessibility of potable water. Moreover, this study provides some valuable outcomes related to the management of groundwater and unplanned urban expansion of the city.